Tosa Nikki - Tsurayuki

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Tosa Diary (Tosa Nikki)


***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Non-seasonal Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Tosa Nikki 土佐日記 Tosa Diary

by
Ki no Tsurayuki 紀貫之
(872-945)


Nikki bungaku (日記文学) is a genre of Japanese diary literature including prominent works such as the Tosa Nikki, Kagerō Nikki, and Murasaki Shikibu Nikki. While diaries began as records imitating daily logs kept by Chinese government officials, private and literary diaries emerged and flourished during the Heian period (794-1192 AD).

Although scholars have found diaries dating back to the eighth century, most of those were mere records kept on daily matters of state. At that time, Japan looked to China as a model of culture and civilization and sought to copy Chinese official government diaries. Thus, early Japanese diaries were factual, written in Chinese characters, and influenced by official, male perspectives.
Ki no Tsurayuki (872?-945), a famed poet and author, is credited with writing the first literary diary.

His Tosa Nikki, written in 935, records his journey from Tosa in Shikoku to Kyoto through the alleged perspective of a female companion. Departing from the tradition of diaries written in Chinese, Tsurayuki used vernacular Japanese characters, waka poetry, and a female narrator to convey the emotional aspects of the journey.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Ki no Tsurayuki
was a Japanese author, poet and courtier of the Heian period.

Tsurayuki was a son of Ki no Mochiyuki. He became a waka poet in the 890s. In 905, under the order of Emperor Daigo, he was one of four poets selected to compile the Kokin Wakashū, an anthology of poetry.

After holding a few offices in Kyoto, he was appointed the provincial governor of Tosa province and stayed there from 930 until 935. Later he was presumably appointed the provincial governor of Suo province, since it was recorded that he held a waka party (Utaai) at his home in Suo.

He is well-known for his waka and is counted as one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals selected by Fujiwara no Kinto. He was also known as one of the editors of the Kokin Wakashū. Tsurayuki wrote one of two prefaces to Kokin Wakashū; the other is in Chinese. His preface was the first critical essay on waka. He wrote of its history from its mythological origin to his contemporary waka, which he grouped into genres, referred to some major poets and gave a bit of harsh criticism to his predecessors like Ariwara no Narihira.

His waka is included in one of the important Japanese poetry anthologies, the Hyakunin Isshu, which was compiled in the 13th century by Fujiwara no Teika, long after Tsurayuki's death.

Besides the Kokin Wakashū and its preface, Tsurayuki's major literary work was the Tosa nikki (土佐日記) (Tosa Diary), which was written using kana.
The text details a trip in 935 returning to Kyoto from Tosa province, where Tsurayuki had been the provincial governor.
Most researchers have long believed that Tsurayuki impersonated a woman, because they assume that kana was usually by women in the Heian Period.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



Out in the marsh reeds
A bird cries out in sorrow,
As though it had recalled
Something better forgotten.



A lovely flower withered,
with its colors gone,
the fragrance
lingers faintly
at the temple bell.

preface to the Kokinshu 　古今集　(ca. 905)


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Worldwide use

Die alte Provinz Tosa
Tosa ist der alte Name der heutigen Präfektur Koochi. Tosa war in früheren Zeiten über die steilen Berge von Zentral-Shikoku kaum zu erreichen und der einfachste Zugang war mit dem Schiff. In dem bekannten „Tagebuch von Tosa“ beschreibt Ki no Tsurayuki (872-945) den fünfjährigen Aufenthalt des Statthalters von Tosa in diesem Hinterland und seine Reise zur Hauptstadt Kyoto, allerdings aus der Sicht einer Hofdame gesehen. Dieses Tagebuch ist eines der ersten seiner Art in der japanischen Tagebuch-Literaturgeschichte.
Dank seiner Abgelegenheit war Tosa auch die Endstation einiger Adeliger, die ins Exil geschickt wurden und so ihre höfische Kultur mit in diese Gegend brachten.
Gabi Greve


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Things found on the way

Sweets from Tosa





銘菓「土佐日記」饅頭 Manju



WASHOKU : Dishes from Kochi (Koochi　高知)


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HAIKU




土佐日記懐にあり散る桜
Tosa Nikki futokoro ni ari chiru sakura

in my breast pocket
I carry the "Tosa Diary" -
cherry blossoms fall

Takahama Kyoshi 虚子


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. nikki kau 日記買う (にっきかう) buying a diary
furu nikki 古日記 (ふるにっき) old diary
nikki hatsu 日記果つ（にっきはつ）end of the diary

kigo for mid-winter 　

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hatsu nikki 初日記（はつにっき）first entry in the diary
..... nikki hajime 日記初 にっきはじめ
..... shin nikki 新日記（しんにっき）new diary

kigo for the New Year


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この暗き海鳴の町日記買ふ　
kono kuraki uminari no machi nikki kau

this dark town
where the sea roars so loud -
I buy a diary　

Kuroda Momoko 黒田杏子


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Tsurayuki and the Plum Blossoms


source :　mifyu1018 - clay bells and poetry


人はいざ心も知らず　ふるさとは
花ぞむかしの　香ににほいける

hito wa iza kokoro mo shirazu furusato wa
hana zo mukashi no ka ni nioi keru

The depths of the hearts
Of humankind cannot be known.
But in my birthplace
The plum blossoms smell the same
As in the years gone by.

Ki no Tsurayuki



painting by 稲垣晴雪

Ooshukubai　鴬宿梅
Lit. the plum tree where the warbler dwells.
A painting subject inspired by an episode in the 10c tale in OOKAGAMI 大鏡 concerning a daughter of Ki no Tsurayuki 紀貫之 (898?-945?) who refuses to part with a plum tree (ume 梅). Emperor Murakami 村上 (r. 946-967) decided to replace the withered plum tree in front of his palace, Seiryouden 清涼殿, with a magnificent beautiful red plum tree from Tsurayuki's daughter's garden.

When a messenger arrived to take the tree, however, the daughter attached a waka 和歌 to the branch of the plum tree. It reads;

"The emperor's command should be highly revered,
but how shall I answer if the warbler (uguisu 鴬) asks
where its home (yado 宿) is?"

The Emperor was so moved that he decided to return the tree.
source : JAANUS





The village of my youth is gone,
New faces meet my gaze;
But still the blossoms at thy gate,
Whose perfume scents the ways.
Recall my childhood days.
Tr. Porter

... It is related that Tsurayuki once visited a friend after a long absence; and on being asked jestingly by the latter, how he could remember the way after such a long interval of time, the poet broke off a spray of blossoms from a plum tree growing at the entrance and presented it to his friend with the above impromptu verse.
source : books.google.co.jp



source :　www.sacred-texts.com


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source : bokunohosomichi


あこくその心も知らず梅の花
Akokuso no kokoro mo shirazu ume no hana

even the heart of Akokuso
I do not know:
plum blossoms
Tr. Barnhill


like Akokuso's heart
I can't ever know
plum blossoms
Tr. Reichhold


l’esprit intime d’Akokuso
je ne connais pas -
mais ces fleurs de prunier !
Tr. Daniel Py



Akokuso 阿古久曾 - The name of Ki no Tsurayuki 紀貫之 when he was younger.

Written on the New Year day of 1688 貞亨5年正月,
making a reference to the famous waka by Tsurayuki.

Basho stayed at the home of
Ogawa Fuubaku 小川風麦 Ogawa Fubaku in Iga Ueno.



- kokoro こころ　－　心　 "heart", mind, soul -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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貫之の梅よ附たり三ケの月
Tsurayuki no ume yo tsuketari mike no tsuki

Oh these plum blossoms
of Tsurayuki - hanging on to
a three-day moon

Kobayashi Issa

(The haiku has the cut marker YO in the middle of line 2.)



Tsurayuki's plum blossoms!
attached
to a sickle moon
Tr. David Lanoue



There is even a plum wine with this name:


Oshukubai　鴬宿梅


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Related words

***** Food from Tosa

***** Museum Haiku about famous Paintings

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Tundra

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Tundra

***** Location: Northern Hemisphere
***** Season: Non-seasonal Topic
***** Category: Earth

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Explanation



quote
In physical geography, tundra is a biome
where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.
The term tundra comes from Kildin Sami tūndâr, which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract." There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra (which also occurs in Antarctica) and alpine tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline.

Climatic classification
Tundra climates ordinarily fit the Köppen climate classification ET, signifying a local climate in which at least one month has an average temperature high enough to melt snow (0°C or 32°F), but no month with an average temperature in excess of (10°C/50°F). The cold limit generally meets the EF climates of permanent ice and snows; the warm-summer limit generally corresponds with the poleward or altitudinal limit of trees, where they grade into the subarctic climates designated Dfd and Dwd (extreme winters as in parts of Siberia), Dfc typical in Alaska, Canada, European Russia, and Western Siberia (cold winters with months of freezing), or even Cfc (no month colder than -3°C as in parts of Iceland and southernmost South America). Tundra climates as a rule are hostile to woody vegetation even where the winters are comparatively mild by polar standards, as in Iceland.

Scarcity or lushness (by polar standards) of native vegetation of tundra regions depends more upon the severity of the temperatures than upon the scarcity or copiousness of precipitation. The alpine tundra also lacks in precipitation compared to the Arctic tundra.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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PLACE NAMES used in HAIKU


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Worldwide use

Japan

tsundora ツンドラ tundra
toodo tai 凍土帯 region with frozen soil




Mongolia


. Steppe, Mongolian-Manchurian steppe .

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Things found on the way

Tundra
is a journal for short poetry rooted in the crystal image,
edited by Michael Dylan Welch.
For Tundra, I have a strong preference for poems of 13 or fewer lines, particularly haiku, senryu, tanka, and related Japanese forms.
source : www.haikuworld.org, January 1999



Tundra: The Journal of the Short Poem


"I myself define a short poem as any poem that will fit comfortably on a single normal-sized page--so should not be more than twenty normal lines in length."
source : Michael Dylan Welch, June 2002


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HAIKU

best known minimalist haiku of all-time


tundra

Cor van den Heuvel


quote 　　
Carmen Sterba :
I would be interested in how you interpret your one word haiku, “tundra”.
Or is that left to the reader?

Cor van den Heuvel:
It is what it is: “a level or undulating plain characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions.” The important things are to see it alone in the mind or in the middle of an otherwise blank page and to color it with a season, preferably spring when it is blowing forever with grasses, flowers, birds (with their nests and eggs), and insects; or in winter when it is covered with endless drifted snow. To see the vastness of it spreading out from the word across the page and across the world. And to hear the sound of it. The word.

source : THF / Essence #3


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summer sun ~
the honking of snow geese
on the tundra

Martin Cohen
http://tinywords.com/haiku/2001/08/03/


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Polar night --
sparkle of precious stones
in a tundra sky

Olga Hooper
WKD . Polar night : Kigo for Winter


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Related words

***** Siberia, Hokkaido, Okinawa
topic for Haiku
Although Siberia and Hokkaido seem cold places,they are not consequently kigo for winter.
Although Okinawa seems a warm place, it is not consequently a kigo for summer.
And so on for other larger areas of the world.



***** Tundra swan (kohakuchoo)
kigo for winter

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One Day Saijiki

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One Day Saijiki

ichinichi saijiki 一日歳時記

イチニチサイジキ /　ワンデイサイジキ



一日（ワンデイ）歳時記

金田一　秀穂 Kindaichi Hideho
ISBN： 9784093878036



Kigo and haiku collection from morning to evening and then the night ...
with beautifull photos ...


Have you ever considered
how many kigo there are
in the course of one day ?



. uroobi, junjitsu 閏日 Leap Day .


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Things found on the way

. . . Morning (asa) Japan. a KIGO list


bird catching in the morning 朝鳥狩（あさとがり）asatogari

Dawn moon in autumn (ariakezuki)Japan.
mist in the morning, ariake gasumi.

Dawn in spring, Spring morning light (shungyoo, haru no akebono)
Spring morning (haru no asa) and others

Morning-Glory (asagao) Japan
..... Bindweed (hirugao). Evening Face (yorugao)

Morning east wind (asagochi)
northwind in the morning, asagita 朝北風（あさぎた）

Morning Market (asa ichi, asa-ichi, asaichi) Morgenmarkt Japan

Morning star (myoojoo), evening star, venus Japan, worldwide

New Year's Morning 元朝 (がんちょう) ganchoo
and related kigo

sleeping in the morning 朝寝 (あさね) asane

Spring morning (haru no asa, haru no akebono)
and more SPRING MORNING KIGO

..... Today (kyoo), tomorrow (asu)Japan. This morning (kesa)

Trumpet Flower (datura) Korean Morning Glory, Mandala Flower

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. . . Daytime, noon (hiru) Japan. a KIGO list

Long days (hinaga), long nights (nagaki yo)


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. . . Evening (yuube, yoi) Japan. a KIGO list


Autumn dusk (aki no kure)
and related kigo

Evening at home, nightwork (yonabe) Japan, worldwide

evening East wind (yuugochi　夕東風)

Evening Shower (yuudachi) Japan
evening shower in spring, haru yuudachi 春夕立（はるゆうだち）
and more RAIN kigo
Clouds for an evening shower, yuudachi gumo 夕立雲（ゆうだちぐも）
and more CLOUD kigo


Evening star, venus Japan, worldwide

Evening, night in spring, haru no yo 春の夜
and related kigo

Moon in the evening, Evening moon, yuuzuki 夕月
Night moon, yoizuki 宵月... and more kigo

Twilight (kure) and related seasons


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. . . Night (yoru) Japan. a KIGO list


..... Candle Night Japan

Dussera, Dasara, Dussehra: Day Of Victory　India
..... Navarati : Nine Nights Of Festivities

Night of Power, Lailatul Qadr / Lailat-Ul-Qadr Yemen

Night work (yonabe) Japan

picking mulberries at night 夜桑摘む（よぐわつむ）
yokuwa tsumu
for the silk worms

Polar Night Polar Circle

Shiva Ratri Night, Festival India, Nepal, Hindu Communities

Sleet, night sleet 　

Walpurgis Night (walpurgisnight) Walpurgisnacht (Germany).

... White Night Polar Circle


TBA

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TOPICS for haiku


Breakfast (asagohan, asameshi)


Sunset (yuuhi) Japan


Noh-Performance at night (Takagi Noo)
Japan. yugen (yuugen).


Yugiri Memorial Day (Yuugiri Ki) and the Tale of Genji Japan
"Evening mist"


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According to Chinese customs,
the days of January were dedicated to animals and the last day of the week to man.

1日を鶏の日 chicken day
2日を狗（犬）の日 dog day
3日を猪（豚）の日 wild boar day
4日を羊の日 sheep day
5日を牛の日 cow/bull day
6日を馬の日 horse day
7日を人の日 day of man (jinjitsu)




In Japan, Jinjitsu (人日, jinjitsu), literally "Human Day",
is one of the five seasonal festivals (五節句, gosekku).
It is celebrated on January 7.

. Names of months and solar seasons .


Five Sacred Festivals
five seasonal festivals 五節句 gosekku
corresponding to the double-prime numbers of the lunar months

人日（じんじつ＝正月七日）Jinjitsu (January 7)
上巳（じょうし＝三月三日）third day of the third month (Hina Doll Festival)
端午（たんご＝五月五日） fifth day of the fifth month (Boy's Day)
七夕（しちせき＝七月七日）seventh day of the seventh month (Tanabata)
重陽（ちょうよう＝九月九日）ninth day of the ninth month (Chrysanthemum Festival)

Each of these days is a kigo in its own right.



Jinjitsu 人日 - by Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉
四方に打つ薺もしどろもどろ哉
. yomo ni utsu nazuna mo shidoro modoro kana .

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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .

人の日や改めがたし庵のかゆ
hito no hi ya aratamegatashi io no kayu

Mankind's Day--
but nothing special
in my rice gruel

"Mankind's Day" (hito no hi) is the seventh day of First Month, at which time the seven herbs of health are boiled with rice gruel.
But Issa's own gruel is hard to change (aratame-gatashi).

David Lanoue

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