Palanquin (kago)

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Palanquin, sedan chair (kago 篭 / 駕籠 or かご)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Non-seasonal Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation



A kago (籠, 駕, 駕籠) is a Japanese type of sedan chair, carriage, suspended by a single crossbeam, carried by two men, usually used to transport one person at a time. The front and back of the kago is always covered; the sides can be left open, or encased by folding screens.
This should not be confused with the more elaborate koshi 輿.
Rich people kept their own, like a private car, others were for rent, like a modern taxi.
　© Wikipedia


Woodblock Prints about vehicles in Japan
jinrikisha 人力車 a man-powered vehicle

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Palanquin for a feudal lord, daimyoo kago 大名籠

They were decorated with the family crest and like a private luxus limusine of our days.

The princess of OGI-HAN NABESHIMA family (the first family of SAGA NABESHIMA family )used this article. OGI-HAN was about 73,000 bushels of rice (koku) and the Master of it mainly used common name as KAGA NO KAMI or KII NO KAMI.



Since this is for women, 'MAKIE(Japanese lacquer work)' and metallic ornaments are used abundantly and it is very gorgeous. Moreover, it is precious that internal ornament pictures are saved in this perfect state. The contents of pictures are pair birds (which symbolized husband and wife's good relations) and tsuru & tortoise (heron and tortoise, which carried out desire of the long life) , etc.

Furthermore, it is also rare that 'NAGAE' which is a stick for shoulders is equipped fully. Present, fully equipped Daimyo-KAGO are less than ten in JAPAN.
- source : koutouclub.net -

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More Feudal Lord's Palanquins

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Palanquin / kago / Japan GOOGLE



More Photos !

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

The palanquin bearers of Konpira san,
a famous mountain shrine in Shikoku Island
金毘羅参りのかご

There are so many steps up to the main shrine, many people even nowadays prefere to use a palanquin bearer team to get them up there.



Konpira san and Daruma


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HAIKU

雪ちるや御駕へはこぶ二八蕎麦
yuki chiru ya o-kago e hakobu nihachi soba

in falling snow
delivered to a palanquin...
buckwheat noodles



薮入が薮入の駕かきにけり
yabuiri ga yabuiri no kago kaki ni keri

servants on holiday
carry an servant on holiday...
palanquin



湖の駕から見へて春の蝶
mizuumi no kago kara miete haru no chô

from a palanquin
at the lake, watching
spring butterflies



大原に出代駕の通りけり
ôhara ni degawari kago no tôri keri

across the wide plain
a migrating servant
in a palanquin


Issa and his palanquin haiku
Tr. David Lanoue

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The pass of Hakone 箱根　 was famous for the sedan chair bearers, who would bring women and the elderly over the pass.

Yosegi woodwork thrived as secondary jobs for many "Kagokaki (palanquin bearer)" and started being sold at "Chaya (tea shops)." Kagokaki was like a current taxi driver, who moved between places bearing "Kago (palanquin)" on his shoulder.

Travellers, for example, who moved between Edo (current capital Tokyo) and Kyoto (old capital) sometimes hired such Kagokakis and themselves rested in the Kago. As Hakone is a mountainous region, there are many Kagokakis around there. "Chaya" is a current tea shop, where travellers took a rest enjoying surrounding views. There at Chayas, Kagokakis started selling Yosegi-Zaiku as their secondary job.

Look at great photos of Yosegi Woodwork!
©　www.yosegi.net




Hakone Woodwork Boxes and Daruma san


. kumosuke　雲助 shifty carrier,
a thuggish palanquin bearer .
Hakone pass was famous for its "kumosuke"


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Related words

***** . Hakone and Haiku .




***** Portable shrine (mikoshi 神輿、御輿)
and more about Japanese Festivals !


***** Ebisu palanquin, Ebisu kago 戎籠（えびすかご）
Palanquin of fortunes, hoikago宝恵駕, hoekago 宝恵駕籠*
Palanquin for Fukusuke, Fukusuke kago 福助駕（ふくすけかご）

Ebisu　夷　恵比寿　恵比須　えびす、エビス and haiku
a form of mikoshi palanquin for the deity during a festival.

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. List of Edo craftsmen　江戸の職人 shokunin .

kagoshi, kago shi　篭師　palanquin maker
駕籠師　　駕篭師　
making norimono 乗物 "things to ride in"

aiaikago　あいあい駕篭 two riding in the same palanquin
anhotsu あんぽつ / 京坂あんだ
hoozenji kago はうせんじ駕籠 / 宝仙寺駕籠
kagokaki, kago kaki 駕籠舁き palanquin carrier
kyoo yotsukago 京四つ駕籠
machikago 町駕籠 "town palanquin" carried by two bearers
rokunin kaki 六人舁き carried by six bearers
shukukago 宿駕籠, postal station palanquin, in Hakone etc.
toomarukago 唐丸駕籠 - 鶤鶏駕籠　closed palanquin for criminals
tsujikago　辻駕篭 "crossroad palanquin"
yamakago　山駕篭 palanquin for the mountains
yotsude kago 四つ手駕籠 four-strut palanquin



四つ手駕籠 four-strut palanquin

落語 Rakugo and Kago - detailed information
- reference : rakugo-fan.at.webry.info -


- quote -
Palanquins, or kago, the Edo equivalent of taxicabs,
were carried on the shoulders of two to four bearers. The palanquins built to daimyo specifications, known as norimono, were plusher than the ones used by commoners. The economy-class kago was a crude affair of split bamboo pieces woven on a frame of four bamboo poles. The palanquins used in the city were referred to as tsujikago ("crossroads kago") or machikago ("town kago").
- source : web-japan.org/tokyo/know -



source : kotobank

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. Join the Edo friends on facebook .

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. kago 籠 / 篭 / かご　basket, baskets of all kinds .

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- #kagopalanquin #palanquinkago #sedanchair
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too much, too little

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too much, too little

(excessive syllables) 　jiamari　字余り
(insufficient syllables)　jitarazu　字足らず


Traditional Japanese haiku come in a count of 5 7 5.

There are some exceptions, that is too much or too little, too many or too few.

In one of the last lessons of NHK HAIKU one sensei explained that in line 1 or 3, this could be covered when reading the haiku out loud. Reciting a haiku is usually done in a loud voice, reading it two times.
There is quite a special "HAIKU intonation" when reciting poetry.

So when reciting the haiku you can speed up with reading the first or last line, but that it could hardly done with line two in the middle.

The middle line with seven beats is like the obi of a good kimono, it must fit.
For the top and bottom five, we can change the number of beats.

In the lesson of the next week, another sensei (more associated with "Modern Japanese Haiku") explained that you could also have a different amount than 7 in line two in the middle and cover this with the speed of reciting.


This is an interesting problem in Japanese,
but
how are we going to translate this properly into another language?


Your suggestions are most welcome !

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go shichi go

The first and last line of a haiku usually have five beats.

jiamari, too many sylables, in the first line leads to pronouncing the first line just a bit faster to adjust it to five beats. This might add to the meaning of a haiku, giving it some urgency, presence and freshness.

jitarazu, missing sylables, should on the other hand not be read by lengthening the existing beats, but inserting a break beat at a suitable point.
Most Japanese nouns with only one sylable, like 湯、手、火 can be read with a lengthening break.

for example (this is only possible to understand in Japanese)

手を付いて　te o tsuite ... te tsuite 手ついて reading as five beats like

te (break) tsuite


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Matsuo Basho sometimes deviates from the pattern 5 7 5.
He told his disciples:

"Even if you have three or four extra syllables, or as many as five or seven, you need not worry as long as it sounds right. But if even one syllable is stale in your mouth, give it all of your attention."

Matsuo Bashō, Narrow Road to the Interior and Other Writings.
Trans. Sam Hamill.
source :　Creative Writing Course


This list below the last update of Basho of this page (June 2013).
The new collection is now here


jiamari　字余り excessive syllables
jitarazu　字足らず insufficient syllables 
. Matsuo Basho - Topics 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .



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5 7 7
摘みけんや茶を凩の秋とも知らで
tsumiken ya / cha o kogarashi no / aki to mo shirade


5 8 5
草枕犬も時雨るるか夜の声 / 草枕犬も時雨ゝかよるのこゑ / kusa makura
. kusamakura inu mo shigururu ka yoru no koe .


5 9 5
枯朶に烏のとまりけり秋の暮
kare eda ni karasu no tomari keri aki no kure

on a withered branch
a crow has settled down and perched -
autumn dusk

. Autumn dusk (aki no kure 秋の暮) .



5 10 5
手にとらば消ん涙ぞ熱き秋の霜
te ni toraba kien namida zo atsuki aki no shimo


5 11 5
盛りぢや花に坐浮法師ぬめり妻　
sakari ja hana ni / sozoro ukibōshi / numeri zuma



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- - - - - 6 7 5 - - - - -

霰聞くやこの身はもとの古柏
. arare kiku ya kono mi wa moto no furugashiwa .


富士の風や扇にのせて江戸土産
. Fuji no kaze ya oogi ni nosete Edo miyage .


花にあかぬ嘆きやこちの歌袋
. hana ni akanu nageki ya kochi no utabukuro .


雲とへだつ友かや雁の生き別れ
. kumo to hedatsu tomo ka ya kari no ikiwakare .


花を宿に始め終りや二十日ほど
. hana no yado ni hajime owari ya tooka hodo .


又やたぐひ長良の川の鮎膾
. mata ya tagui Nagara no kawa no ayu namasu .


起きよ起きよ我が友にせん寝る胡蝶
. okiyo okiyo waga tomo ni sen neru kochoo .


旅に飽きてけふ幾日やら秋の風　
. tabi ni akite kyoo ikuka yara aki no kaze .

. tsuki zo shirube konata e irase tabi no yado .

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6 7 6
秋来にけり耳を訪ねて枕の風　
. aki ki ni keri mimi o tazunete makura no kaze .

6 7 6
きみ火をたけよき物見せん雪丸げ
. kimi hi o take yoki mono misen yukimaruge / yuki maruge .

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6 8 5
いづく時雨傘を手に提げて帰る僧
. izuku shigure kasa o te ni sagete kaeru soo .



6 8 5
躑躅生けてその陰に干鱈割く女
. tsutsuji ikete sono kage ni hidara saku onna .
azaleas, a woman tearing dried cod fish

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7 5 8
山吹の露菜の花のかこち顔なるや
. yamabuki no tsuyu na no hana no kakochigao naru ya .


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7 7 5

御廟年経て忍は何をしのぶ草
. gobyoo toshihete shinobu wa nani o shinobugusa .

命二つの中に生きたる桜かな
. inochi futatsu no naka ni ikitaru sakura kana .

西か東かまづ早苗にも風の音
. nishi ka higashi ka mazu sanae ni mo kaze no oto .


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8 7 5
闇夜狐下這ふ玉真桑
yami no yo to sugoku / kitsune shitabau / tama makuwa


8 7 5
芭蕉野分して盥に雨を聞夜哉
. bashoo nowaki shite tarai ni ame o kiku yo kana .


8 7 5
芋洗ふ女西行ならば歌よまむ
. imo arau onna Saigyoo naraba uta yoman .



8 8 5
牡丹蘂深く分出る蜂の名残哉
. botan shibe fukaku wake-izuru hachi no nagori kana .


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9 7 5
笑ふべし泣くべしわが朝顔の凋む時
. warau beshi naku beshi waga asagao no shibomu toki .



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10 7 5
艪の声波を打って腸凍る夜や涙
ro no koe nami o utte harawata koru yo ya namida

the sound of oars beating the waves
brings my bowls to a chill
in the evening - tears

(The kireji YA is in the middle of the last section of 5).
MORE
Hokku about tears by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


more TBA.
. Matsuo Basho - Topics 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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Some more reference

a. Examples slightly breaking the rule (hacho　破調　hachoo)
They have been seen since before Basho's time.

Examples completely ignoring, or denying the rule

Rhythm, stress, sound, flow, rhyming
Susumu Takiguchi, WHR


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BACK TO

Counting Five Seven Five ... why NOT in English


My Haiku Theory Archives 　


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .
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Emotions in Haiku and Kigo

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Emotions in Kigo and Haiku

for kigo, see details below


. Emotions and Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 .

. Emotions and Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .

. Emotions and Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 .


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Strong emotions like melancholy or sadness (kanashisa 悲しさ) and others are usually not used directly in traditional Japanese haiku, which tend to simply describe the scene but not interpret it in human terms.
A suitable KIGO is used to bring out the underlying mood / emotion of the haiku.

Japanese haiku are a very emotional kind of poetry,
but
the emotional part is expressed through the skilfull use of kigo.
Each kigo has an emotional mood, which gives the author the opportunity to convey his emotion without saying "I am sad", "I am happy" openly.

The emotional background is explained in the saijiki and needs to be learned, just as we learn the vocabulary of a new language to be able to speak it properly.

early cherry blossoms
cherry blossoms
falling cherry blossoms

Three different emotions.


Children are usually taught to imply the emotion within an appropriate KIGO, as I have experienced it in our local grammar school.
Read more HERE:
. Teaching Japanese Children 　



Shasei .. 写生 sketching from nature

EGO and how not to anihilate it in haiku


There are however exceptions from these guidelines (yakusokugoto), as we will explore below. These emotional words are usually used in context with a season word.

The composing of a Japaese haiku depends first and foremost on the situation experienced by the poet and his choice of vocabulary or style which suits that situation.

Gabi Greve

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A sense of melancholy ... wabi　侘び　 and sabi 寂び　...


さびしさ　寂しさ

淋しい　/　淋しさ　

Wabi, sabi, Japanese Aesthetics


sabishii .. lonely, sad ... the dictionary

悲しい kanashii .. sad, miserable, sorrowfull ... the dictionary


SABISHISA and Japanese Poetry / some LINKS



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Question
How does one produce work on negative subject matter such as loss, anger, melancholy. Its not that I am a pessimist, its just I want to know if haiku cover the full the range of existence.

Answer:
Absolutely -- all flavors of experience have been approached through haiku.
However, as with any emotional content, dark emotions need to be evoked indirectly, by choice of words and images.
very strong emotions tend to be hard to express well in these subtle ways, and probably do not make good subjects for haiku. but there are plenty of examples of sorrow, loneliness, regret, and nostalgia being conveyed beautifully by way of the observations being made of "external" things.

©　acm / Shiki Archives

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The beauty of Japanese haiku poetry, inspired by Zen Buddhism, lies in the brevity of expression which conveys a world of meaning and emotions.

Dr Satya Bhushan Verma

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longing for a person, longing for one's mother
haha koishi


いかなごに　まづ箸おろし　母恋し　　　

to eat sand lance
first I put my chopsticks down -
I long for mother

Takahama Kyoshi 高浜虚子 and ikanago fish haiku
Tr. Gabi Greve


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feeling lonely, sabishiisa, sabishii 寂しい　

"Loneliness is the second state of mind necessary for the creation and appreciation of haiku.
Loneliness is also a state of interpenetration with all other things."

Robert Blyth



What quiet loneliness fills the autumn air!
As I lean on my staff, the wind turns cold
A solitary village lies shrouded in mist
By a country bridge, a figure passes
bound for home.

An old crow comes to roost in the ancient forest
Lines of wild geese slant toward the horizon
Only a monk in black robes remains
Standing motionless before the river at twilight.
Tr. Abe / Haskel


. Ryookan 良寛 Ryokan (1758-1831) .

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淋しさの底ぬけて降るみぞれかな
淋しさの底拔けて降る霙哉
sabishisa no soko nukete furu mizore kana

this sleet
right through the bottom
of loneliness . . .

OR

this sleet
falls right through the bottom
of my solitude . ..
Tr. Gabi Greve

This haiku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

Joso (Joosoo) lived as a Zen monk in a remote small hut and might have felt this endlessly falling sleet as falling right though the bottom of heaven on his reed roof and onto his cold body. He felt the powerlessness, weakness and loneliness of his own body and personal situation even stronger. "through the bottom" is an expression of his humor on this bleek cold day, since there is nothing he can do but yield to his miserable situation and write poetry about it.
He died at the age of 43.

Read the full discussion of this translation HERE
Naito Joso 内藤丈草


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憂き我をさびしがらせよ閑古鳥
uki ware o sabishigarase yo kankoodori

this sorrowful me
you make even more lonely -
you cuckoo

MORE hokku about emotions by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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淋しさはつみ木あそびにつもる雪
sabishisa wa tsumiki asobi ni tsumoru yuki

this feeling of loneliness -
he plays with his building blocks
as the snow heaps up


Kubota Mantaro 久保田万太郎
He wrote this for his son, who was jsut 3 years old and always playing alone.


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いづれさびし風船売と寄居虫売　 　
izure sabishi fuusen uri to yadokari uri

they are both lonely -
the vendor of baloons
the vendor of hermit crabs

Yamao Tamao 山尾玉藻


Vendor of hermit cracs
kigo for all spring


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aware あわれ　哀れ　pitiful, miserable touching, to be moved, compassion, mercy, piteous

花みな枯れてあはれをこぼす草の種
hana mina karete aware o kobosu kusa no tane

the flowers have withered -
the seeds are spilling
their mercy

After the first frost has come, the flowers are withered and the seeds have fallen to the ground.. Compared to the lush green of summer, this view gives rise to "aware".

The point of this haiku is the expression "aware o kobosu".


flowers all withered,
spilling their sadness:
seeds for grass
source : translations


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lighthearted, light, karoshi, karui, karumi 軽い　


木の葉散る桜は軽し檜木笠
このはちるさくらはかるしひのきがさ
konoha chiru sakura wa karushi hinokigasa

falling leaves
of the cherry tree so light
on my pilgrim's hat

Matsuo Basho


. Karumi and Haiku by Basho


hat made from pine bark, hinokigasa ひのき笠


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a sparkling sight, dazzeling sight,
kirabiyaka　きらびやか


獅子舞の橋に行き会ふきらびやか
shishimai no hashi ni yuki au kirabiyaka

the lion dance
performed at the bridge
how dazzling a sight

Kume Santei, 久米三汀
© lib.virginia.edu

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feeling ashamed, asamashii 浅ましい


Some Haiku by Kobayashi Issa

浅ましや炭のしみ込む掌に
asamashi ya sumi no shimi komu tenohira ni

how shameful--
with my charcoal-stained
palms...



浅ましの尿瓶とやなくむら千鳥
asamashi no shibin toya naku mura chidori

"Shameful, that piss-pot!"
the flock of plovers
sing


浅ましや杖が何本老の松
asamashi ya tsue ga nanbon oi no matsu

what a shame!
how many canes prop you up
old pine?

I first translated asamashi as "pitiful," but for a different haiku in which this word appears, Shinji Ogawa suggests, "shameful," as a better translation. In snow country like Issa's home province of Shinano, certain kinds of trees must be protected by columns placed under every branch to prevent the branches from being broken by the weight of the snow. Shinji explains that Issa is playfully teasing the old pine: "Shame! Shame! How many canes are you using, old pine?"

Tr. David Lanoue
More haiku with ASAMASHI



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having a bad or unpleasant feeling,
mutsukashi むつかし 【難しい】
muzukashii むずかしい


むつかしや初雪見ゆるしなの山
mutsukashi ya hatsu yuki miyuru Shinano yama

watching first snowfall
in a rotten mood...
Shinano Mountain

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue


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feeling nostalgia なつかしい【懐かしい】 natsukashi
to be fond of something, to yearn for something


汲みて知るぬるみに昔なつかしや
kumite shiru nurumi ni mukashi natsukashi ya

drawing water
it's tepid...
nostalgia for olden times

Kobayashi Issa, 1795
Tr. David Lanoue

This haiku, written during Issa's journey to Matsuyama on Shikoku Island, was inspired by a stone monument containing a haiku by Basho that includes the lines,
"thrusting in my hands I noticed/ the urn water"
(te o irete shiru/ kame no mizu).
Natsukashi, has no exact English equivalent. It usually connotes the feeling of something dear or fondly remembered--a sort of sweet nostalgia. Shinji Ogawa offers this translation of Issa's haiku:
Drawing water, I noticed the tepidness yearning for the olden days . .
Shinji notes that Issa's use of the word shiru (notice) is a conscious reflection of Basho's statement.


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- - - - - nikui にくい　―　憎い　to hate 　- - - - -

おち葉して憎い烏はなかりけり
ochiba shite nikui karasu wa nakari keri

falling leaves
and nothing but
likeable crows
Tr. Chris Drake

Japanese double negatives are often best translated as strong positives in English. For example, what can be literally translated as "don't dislike" actually means "to love, like a lot, have special feelings for" in English. Classical Japanese was fond of understatement, and experienced readers knew from the context when to read double negatives as strong positives. If double negatives are translated literally into English, readers have fewer cues, so in many cases, such as the present hokku, written by a poet who himself does not hate crows at any time, a strongly positive translation seems justified. The implication in the hokku seems to be that even those who usually hate crows must be satisfied with the birds, at least for the time being. And Issa's own opinion seems to be that the crows are very likeable indeed.

. Full comment by Chris Drake .



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feeling overwhelmed, overpowered
すさまじい【凄まじい】 susamajii
something terrible or dreadful

susamaji ya sugina bakari no oka hitotsu
Masaoka Shiki



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urayamashi うらやまし　羨まし to envy something


. urayamashi ukiyo no kita no yama-zakura .
Matsuo Basho


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emotions used in KIGO


kigo for all spring




shunkyoo 春興 (しゅんきょう) joy of spring
..... shunki 春嬉（しゅんき）
haru no kyoo 春の興（はるのきょう）
haru tanoshi 春愉し（はるたのし）spring is enjoyable, I enjoy spring
shunyuu 春遊（しゅんゆう）enjoying spring, I enjoy spring
(by going out in the fresh green nature)

In the Edo period, this word was also used for the first haiku meeting and print-out of their latest haiku to had to friends.

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shun-i 春意 (しゅんい) feeling of spring
harugokoro 春心（はるごころ）the heart feels spring
lit. "spring heart"
..... shunyuu 春融（しゅんゆう）,shunjoo 春情（しゅんじょう）
haru no joo 春の情（はるのじょう）



shunshuu 春愁 (しゅんしゅう ) spring melancholy
haru urei 春愁（はるうれい）
haru ureu 春愁う（はるうれう）I feel melancholic in spring
shunkon 春恨（しゅんこん）
shun-en 春怨（しゅんえん）
haru no urami 春の恨み（はるのうらみ）
(feeling of young lonely women)

haru kanashi 春かなし（はるかなし）"sad spring"
I feel sad in spring

shunshi 春思（しゅんし）"spring thoughts"
(about the other sex)


春愁プランクトンも人間も
shunshuu purankuton mo ningen mo

spring melancholy -
even for plankton
even for humans

Sato Naruyuki 佐藤成之 (Satoo Naruyuki / Shigeyuki)


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kigo for late autumn

"loneliness in autumn" autumn melancholy,
aki sabu 秋寂ぶ (あきさぶ)
I feel lonely/melancholic in autumn

SABU, means also "getting rusty", autumn is rusting. It may also hint to the color of the autumn leaves.
aki sabishi 秋さびし（あきさびし） feeling lonely in autumn
I feel lonely in autumn

MORE
Autumn Melancholy Japan


Autumn Melancholy Europe


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. Feeling HOT in SUMMER 　

. Feeling COOL in SUMMER 　



. Feeling cold in WINTER 　



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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

大の字に寝て涼しさよ淋しさよ
dai no ji ni nete suzushisa yo sabishisa yo

lying spread-eagle
cool
lonely

by Issa, 1813
Tr. David Lanoue



©　Haiga and Renku by Nakamura Sakuo


lying spread-eagle
aa, this coolness !
aa, this loneliness!

Tr. Gabi Greve

MORE
comment and translation by
- - Chris Drake - translating haiku forum - -

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淋しさや汐の干る日も角田河
sabishisa ya shio no hiru hi mo sumida-gawa

loneliness--
even on a low tide day
Sumida River



淋さを鶴に及ぼすかがし哉
sabishisa o tsuru ni oyobosu kagashi kana

making the stork
feel lonely...
the scarecrow



淋しさは得心しても窓の霜
sabishisa wa tokushin shite mo mado no shimo

also consenting
to my loneliness...
frost on the window


Tr. David Lanoue
Issa and more haiku about loneliness !

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寂しさや須磨にかちたる浜の秋
sabishisa ya Suma ni kachitaru hama no aki

Lonelier even than Suma -
Standing on this beach
The end of autumn

Basho - The Narrow Road to the North
Tr. John Tran ＆ Tamiko Nakagawa

Suma, Iro no Hama and Basho

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さびしさや 岩にしみ込 蝉のこゑ
sabishisa ya iwa ni shimikomu semi no koe

oh this loneliness !
only the shrill of cicadas
seeps into rocks
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Matsuo Basho


MORE hokku about emotions by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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蜘殺すあとの淋しき夜寒哉　
kumo korosu ato no sabishiki yosamu kana

this loneliness
after killing a spider -
cold at night

Masaoka Shiki


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手毬歌かなしきことをうつくしく
temari uta kanashiki koto o utsukushiku

ball bouncing song -
such a sad thing
said so beautifully

Takahama Kyoshi



Temari uta is a song that Japanese children sing to count while bouncing or catching a small ball ten times, each time saying the name of a deity or famous temple or shrine.
After counting to ten, the next verse goes a bit like this:

I believe very much in all these Buddhas and Gods,
and yet, my dear child is very ill and wont heal,
my husband has to go to war and might not come back !
I cry and cough blood ... hototogisu!

Here is the Japanese version of this song:

一番初めは一の宮
二また日光中禅寺
三また佐倉の宗五郎
四また信濃の善光寺
五つは出雲の大社(おおやしろ)
六つは村村鎮守様
七つは成田のお不動さん
八つは八幡の八幡宮
九つ高野の弘法様
十で東京泉岳寺

これほど信(神）願　かけたのに
浪子の病はなおらない
武夫が戦地に行くときは
白きま白きハンカチを
うちふりながらも　ねえあなた
はやくかえってちょうだいね
泣いて血を吐く　ほととぎす hototogisu

Regional Versions of this Song



WKD: Priest Ryokan and the Temari balls
More links about the wonderful TEMARI balls.



Temari hand balls and temari songs 手毬唄
kigo for the New Year !


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初富士のかなしきまでに遠きかな
hatsu fuji no kanashiki made ni tooki kana

first Mt. Fuji
until I have become sad
at such a distance

Yamaguchi Seison 山口青邨

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remembering the Niigata earthquake

nochitsuki no kanashiki hodo no shirosa kana

October full moon
moonshine is too white
for sadness

etsuko yanagibori


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how beautiful うつくしや utsukushi ya


僧になる子のうつくしやけしの花
soo ni naru ko no utsukushi ya keshi no hana

how beautiful
this boy who becomes a priest -
poppy flowers

Kobayashi Issa

. Poppy flowers and kigo


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雁やのこるものみな美しき
karigane ya nokoru mono mina utsukushiki

wild geese ——
all that remains
beautiful

ISHIDA Hakyo (1913 - 1969)

quote
This haiku needs an introduction about the poet's parting on September 23, 1943 when he got his draft card notice. He then thought of his family and friends who remained behind.
In the evening sky, a flock of wild geese were flying and honking and then disappeared. It seemed to echo Hakyos sad feeling and his determination to deem, everything that remains as beautiful. This shows his affection toward everything that remained: the value of family and friends - and that love becomes more beautiful when it ends. His sad feeling is embodied in the image of the departing wild geese.
source : HIA - TAKAHA Shugyo
Translation by SATO Kazuo & Patricia DONEGAN


. Ishida Hakyo (Ishida Hakyoo)石田波郷 .

a flock of wild geese -
the things I leave behind
are all so beautiful
Tr. Gabi Greve

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炎天の空美しや高野山　
enten no sora utsukushi ya Kooyasan

the blazing sky
is so beautiful -
Mount Koya Monastery

Takahama Kyoshi 虚子

enten - blazing sky and haiku

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How interesting ! omoshiro ya
omoshiroi, おもしろい (面白い) can have many nuances in Japanese, according to the situation.
interesting, amusing, entertaining, funny, enjoyable, strange, weird, exciting ...


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. MORE haiku with emotions .


*****************************
Related words


***** Joy, pleasure (ureshisa, tanoshisa)
happiness, bliss (shiawase)


***** Boredom, to be bored (taikutsu)

***** Judgement and Duality, rich and poor yin and yang



***** Wabi, sabi, Japanese Aesthetics


***** Haiku Theory Archives

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Large portions (yamamori)

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
. Legends from Nikko 日光 .
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Large food portions (yamamori)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Non-seasonal Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation



Food is piled up on your plate "like a mountain", yamamori　山盛り.


Large portions are also called "oomori"　大盛り.



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There is a ceremony in Nikko where the participants receive large bowls of rice.
Nikko Gohanshiki (Nikkoo Goohan-Shiki 日光強飯式 )
Nikko Gohan Shiki
Rinnoo-JI Goohanshiki 輪王寺強飯式（りんのうじごうはんしき）
Nikkoozeme 日光責（にっこうぜめ）

tengu no goohan 天狗の強飯（てんぐのごうはん）
large rice portion of the tengu goblin
kigo for late spring

Every year on the second of April, this ceremony is held at the "Hall of the three Buddhas" at the temple Rinno-Ji in the town of Nikko. It is a native form of mountain worship.
日光市の輪王寺三仏堂

"Men of the Year" (born in the year with the same Asian zodiac animal) receive a large portion of rice and pray for the safety of home and family, prosperous business and the carrying of on his male family line.
They really have to force the rice down, meshi o shiiru 飯を強いる.
You can see the rice piled up "like a mountain", which he holds over his head before eating.
A priest in the cloths of a mountain ascetic carries the bowl in front of the receiver 頂戴人 and shouts: "You have to eat all this now!"
One bowl contains 5,4 kilograms (一升五合) of rice.
When they eat it all, they will have good luck for the coming year.



The three Buddhas of the Hall are Senju Kannon, Amida Nyorai and Bato Kannon with a horsehead.

This ceremony goes back to Saint Shodo Shonin (Shoodoo Shoonin 勝道上人)(735 - 817), who started the mountain worship in Nikko, connecting the Shinto and Budshist religion. The took the food that the ascetics had offered to the deities, carried it down to the poor farmers and gave it to them to eat.
Later it evolved as a ceremony to partake of the powers of the three Buddhas and the three TEN deities of Daikokuten, Benten and Bishamonten, when normal people started eating the food offerings.
During the Edo period, after Tokugawa Ieyasu was enshrined in Nikko, many daimyo or their representatives came to Nikko to worship and partake of the food offerings 強飯頂戴人（ちょうだいにん choodainin）for the wellbeing of their local domain.

When you can participate in this ceremony, you have the following
goriyaku good fortunes

the seven misfortunes will leave immediately
shishinan sokumetsu 七難即滅
the seven types of good luck will come immediately
七福即生 shichifuku sokusei

The ceremony has various parts.

santen googyooku 三天合行供
saidoo taigomaku 採灯大護摩供
secret rituals of Nikko, 20 yamabushi blowing conches enter the hall. Then all the doors are closed and only one candle kept in the dark.
From the back you hear hte voice of "santen googyooku" reading the sutra and a goma fire ceremony is held.

next comes light in the hall and then

goohan choodai no gi 強飯頂戴の儀
receiving the large rice portions

They receive the following items
「御神酒」「祈願文」「強飯」「菜膳」「金甲」「供養」

Finally the high mountain ascet, sendatsu, makes a roaring speach.
大先達口上 daisendatsu koojoo

Once the ceremony inside is finished, all go out for

がらまき garamaki
and with respect to the Buddhist teaching "Not to keep things for yourself, share things with others" they throw lucky charms and toys to the crowd waiting outside.

During the Edo period, you had to be a daimyo of at least juumangoku 十万石 riches to partake, but now anyone can apply.
The participants get a talisman in form of a rice ladle, to ladle good luck to their family. They also get some "lucky rice" (fukumai 福米) to take home and share with their family members.

. Soomen Jizoo そうめん地蔵 Somen Noodles Jizo .
A legend that tells the origin of the Nikko Gohanshiki.


Shoodoo Shoonin 勝道上人 Priest Saint Shodo Shonin



- quote -
There are many spiritual spots in Nikko where Shodo Shonin (Saint Shodo), stepped in for the first time in the 9th Century and where the Nikko Toshogu Shrine was built on the basis of Onmyodo (yin-yang philosophy), in the 17th Century.
-- There is a legend that when Shodo Shonin (Saint Shodo), who firstly served as the head priest of Nikko, was not able to cross the Daiyagawa River and asked for help to deities and Buddhas, two snakes appeared and transformed to this bridge Shinkyo Bridge. The bridge belongs to the Nikko Futarasan-jinja Shrine.
-- Tachikikannon Tachikiri Kannon is an associated shrine of the World-Heritage Nikkosan Rinno-Ji Temple founded in 784 by Shodo Shonin (Saint Shodo),, who firstly served as the head priest of Nikko. The Kannon (Boddhisattva), statue that is said to be sculptured by Shodo Shonin himself is still spreading its root to the ground. In addition, the shrine houses various characteristic statues of Buddha, such as Hashiri Daikokuten.
-- Kaisandou, Kaisando, Nikkosan Rinno-Ji Temple
Kaisandou is the mausoleum of Shodo Shonin (Saint Shodo),, who firstly served as the head priest of Nikko. The mausoleum has a vermilion-lacquered, multistoried and square-styled hall that enshrines the wooden honzon (principal image of Buddha), Jizo Bosatsu (Jizo Bodhisattva),, which is said to be produced in the 14th or 15 century. This place is also known as a location that people can feel mystical energy of the god to protect the Nikko mountains.
-- Nikko Futarasan-Jinja Shrine
In 766, Shodo Shonin (Saint Shodo), stepped into the mountains in Nikko.
- source : nikko-travel.jp/english-

. hashiri Daikoku 走り大黒 / 波之利大黒天 running Daikoku .


- - - - - Saint Shodo Shonin and the Tengu of Nikko - - - - -
. Tengu, sugi 天狗と杉と伝説
Legends about Tengu and Cedar trees .


. Nikko Hotokeiwa 日光仏岩 Hotoke Iwa "Buddha rock" in Nikko .
Shodo was cremated in the valley of crags, which was located near the Kaizan-do hall of the founder.

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Kodomo Gohanshiki for Children
Shrine Ikioka Jinja 生岡(いきおか)神社
Takes place in November.
Local boys of the elementary and junior high school wear costumes of mountain ascetics (yamabushi) and strong porters (goriki). They enter the hall when the trumpet shells are blown and drums beaten. They perform eating a large amount of rice. On the rice grated radish is also placed.
"Eat your 75 portions of rice!" shouts the mountain ascet.
"コリャ、中宮祠の木辛皮、寂光の青山椒、お花畑の唐辛子、生岡神社の生大根」「諸所の名物よせてのご馳走、七十五杯ヅカヅカおっとりあげてのめそう!"
"and do not leave one grain back"
The ascetic then holds a piece of radish with salt in front of the mouth of the participants and they try to catch and eat it.
Finally the children get a toy stick horse (harukoma 春駒) and ride three times around, with the main preist riding on a stick horse too.

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way



　『山盛りの十七文字』
Heaping 17 sylables into a mountain of meaning !

Teaching haiku at a school in Mie prefecture
©　www.pref.mie.jp

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HAIKU

山盛の花の吹雪や犬の椀
yamamori no hana no fubuki ya inu no wan



blossoms piled high--
a blizzard in the dog's bowl

Issa, 1808
Tr. David Lanoue, Haiga: Nakamura Sakuo



cherry blossoms
blown in the dog's bowl -
a real heap full
Tr. Gabi Greve

This hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 2.

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. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

yamamori no hana no fubuki ya inu no wan

blizzard --
cherry petals fill
the dog's bowl
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku was written on 3/27 (April 22) in 1808, so the cherry tree(s) must be late-blooming varieties. At the time Issa was living in Edo. Most of the falling petals are eventually blown away by the wind, but those that fall in the dog's bowl remain and pile up, a single collection of blossoms that suggests the virtual petal drifts that could have covered the whole area. The heaping portion of petals rises higher and higher until, presumably, it overflows the dog's bowl, unless, of course, the dog is eating the petals.

The yamamori (山盛) in Issa's hokku is a common word that has nothing to do with a forest guard or ranger (山守) and cannot signify one. The two are completely separate words that happen by chance to be homophonous. The difference between the characters is due to the Chinese and Japanese languages and is not Issa's special distinction. The word used by Issa, as Gabi correctly states, means only a goodly pile or mound and does not contain any kind of reference to forest guards/rangers.

Chris Drake


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婿星も見よ山盛の稲の花
muko-boshi mo miyo yamamori no ine no hana

O Bridegroom Star
look! piles
of blossoming rice

Issa
Tr. David Lanoue



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Related words

***** mountain ragner, forest warden,
yamamori 山守
yama o mamoru, to protect a mountain

topic for haiku

In some areas of modern Japan with a lot of forestry area, the Yamamori system where local persons called Yamamori are entrusted with the care of an absentee owner's forest in response to consignment from the end of the Edo period; the Yamamori performs the forest management.



山守や春の行方を箒して
yamamori ya haru no yukigata wo hôki shite

forest ranger--
he sweeps away spring
with a broom



山守の箒の先を行春ぞ
yamamori no hôki no saki wo yuku haru zo

from the end
of the forest ranger's broom...
spring departs

Issa

Tr. David Lanoue

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***** Food from Japan (washoku) Sweets from Japan (wagashi)

***** . Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-List .

WKD - Saijiki for Festivals and Ceremonies


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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